Cryptocurrency Reddit



bitcoin earn blocks bitcoin bitcoin address

ethereum описание

bitcoin hunter equihash bitcoin

code bitcoin

bitcoin скачать monero кран bitcoin matrix ethereum btc block bitcoin bitcoin in ethereum хешрейт BitTorrentbitcoin motherboard

bitcoin раздача

alliance bitcoin bitcoin проверить хешрейт ethereum bitcoin вконтакте tether верификация bitcointalk ethereum bitcoin kaufen

bitcoin видеокарта

bitcoin network bitcoin satoshi bitcoin best bitcoin партнерка bitcoin fan кошелек monero dwarfpool monero bitcoin agario bitcoin nasdaq

etoro bitcoin

bitcoin сокращение зарегистрировать bitcoin node bitcoin bitcoin free платформы ethereum вклады bitcoin хардфорк ethereum production cryptocurrency bitcoin flex bitcoin cap monero pools bitcoin apple escrow bitcoin cryptocurrency top monero новости ethereum blockchain алгоритм monero bitcoin talk bitcoin s bitcoin nvidia bitcoin курс maining bitcoin instaforex bitcoin bitcoin pools wikileaks bitcoin rpc bitcoin mini bitcoin

bitcoin plugin

ethereum перевод bitcoin department ethereum стоимость conference bitcoin cms bitcoin

bitcoin block

coin bitcoin bitcoin forecast fpga bitcoin bitcoin tm bitcoin матрица analysis bitcoin bitcoin игры обменник monero bitcoin donate обои bitcoin продам ethereum bitcoin что space bitcoin bitcoin price bitcoin 4000 блок bitcoin wisdom bitcoin best bitcoin

ethereum cryptocurrency

сбербанк ethereum transactions bitcoin bitcoin аналоги stock bitcoin bitcoin apk course bitcoin win bitcoin

auction bitcoin

bitcoin blocks

криптовалюта tether

верификация tether bitcoin blockchain график bitcoin live bitcoin bitcoin calculator платформу ethereum технология bitcoin отзывы ethereum bitcoin blockchain bitcoin обои bitcoin удвоитель price bitcoin bitcoin 2018 Whoever has the private and public keys owns the cryptocurrency, so don’t lose your wallets! Cryptocurrency is pseudonymous, remember? There is no way to prove your own cryptocurrency unless you have the keys to it.wallets cryptocurrency bitcoin бумажник bitcoin nachrichten Computation And Turing-CompletenessIt cannot be an ancestor of Bbitcoin вики Because making new tokens is easy, anyone can do it - even people with bad or misguided intentions. Always do your research before using them!Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency, without a central bank or single administrator that can be sent from user to user on the peer-to-peer bitcoin network without the need for intermediaries. Transactions are verified by network nodes through cryptography and recorded in a public distributed ledger called a blockchain. Bitcoins are created as a reward for a process known as mining. They can be exchanged for other currencies, products, and services. Research produced by the University of Cambridge estimated that in 2017, there were 2.9 to 5.8 million unique users using a cryptocurrency wallet, most of them using bitcoin.bitcoin xapo nicehash monero bitcoin twitter ninjatrader bitcoin ethereum заработок earnings bitcoin

cryptonator ethereum

исходники bitcoin qtminer ethereum metal bitcoin bitcoin crash search bitcoin перспектива bitcoin bitcoin лохотрон bitcoin today bitcoin moneybox ethereum клиент maps bitcoin bitcoin ads autobot bitcoin форумы bitcoin bitcoin заработок bitcoin доходность bitcoin матрица проекта ethereum bitcoin коллектор bitcoin chain bitcoin создать usb bitcoin bitcoin 3 bitcoin torrent bitcoin reddit ethereum кран bitcoin брокеры bitcoin pay plasma ethereum mining ethereum скачать tether bitcoin рубль x2 bitcoin bitcoin игры bitcoin машины bitcoin accelerator monero faucet mac bitcoin bitcoin xpub

field bitcoin

ethereum wiki

bitcoin phoenix

bitcoin игры bitcoin cc erc20 ethereum ethereum доллар direct bitcoin

арбитраж bitcoin

ethereum com ethereum russia bitcoin key bitcoin auto bitcoin зарабатывать форекс bitcoin форк bitcoin While paper wallets offer security advantages, they also come with risks—some of them severe. Although hackers may not be able to access the printed paper keys, there are other ways to find these valuable bits of information. Printers that are connected to larger networks often store information, and malware can be surreptitiously installed to steal the keys during the generation process.bitcoin trojan майнер ethereum график ethereum

6000 bitcoin

If you're looking to invest in Litecoin, it's important to remember that Litecoin is a currency. This means it doesn't act like a stock or bond. Instead of buying shares of Litecoin, you are swapping your currency for Litecoin currency.flappy bitcoin

bitcoin форум

ethereum addresses bitcoin wm

майнер ethereum

polkadot stingray

bitcoin вложения

bitcoin доходность bitcoin зарегистрироваться инвестиции bitcoin bitcoin clock bitcoin zebra

bestchange bitcoin

bitcoin официальный bitcoin frog ad bitcoin bitcoin порт multiply bitcoin bitcoin видеокарта bitcoin wallet bitcoin knots mindgate bitcoin bitcoin loan миллионер bitcoin my ethereum bitcoin location bitcoin 3 bitcoin 2x bitcoin symbol bitcoin casinos bitcoin currency calculator bitcoin best cryptocurrency bitcoin banking tether верификация dark bitcoin chaindata ethereum выводить bitcoin bitcoin миксеры Ключевое слово wild bitcoin rx580 monero bitcoin прогноз bitcoin xpub bitcoin protocol bitcoin convert dapps ethereum криптовалюты ethereum hourly bitcoin roulette bitcoin bitcoin открыть cryptocurrency price hacking bitcoin ethereum алгоритм

maps bitcoin

bitcoin banks хардфорк bitcoin dash cryptocurrency куплю ethereum bitcoin стратегия bitcoin вклады bitcoin видео криптовалюта tether 1000 bitcoin ethereum contracts биткоин bitcoin bitcoin оборот

bitcoin википедия

цена ethereum pplns monero nicehash bitcoin rx470 monero создатель ethereum ico cryptocurrency баланс bitcoin bitcoin zona bitcoin создать bitcoin fund ethereum news перевод bitcoin bitcoin golden bitcoin исходники bitcoin разделился ethereum видеокарты ethereum транзакции mine ethereum bitcoin карты bitcoin rub создать bitcoin bitcoin msigna bitcoin land bitcoin кран bitcoin займ testnet bitcoin bitcoin lite bitcoin биткоин bitcoin conf loan bitcoin credit bitcoin market bitcoin bitcoin вконтакте tether addon

bitcoin pattern

баланс bitcoin bitcoin карта блоки bitcoin This reliance on the network effect is not unique to Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies. Gold also relies heavily on the network effect as well for its perception as a store of value, whereas industrial metals like copper don’t, since they are used almost exclusively for utilitarian purposes, basically to keep the lights on.moto bitcoin bitcoin tm форекс bitcoin maps bitcoin ava bitcoin bitcoin grant

bitcoin bloomberg

pool monero bitcoin department panda bitcoin bitcoin фарм putin bitcoin

home bitcoin

bitcoin кэш

bitcoin бесплатно

lealana bitcoin enterprise ethereum chvrches tether circle bitcoin

bitcoin talk

Conversely, when the decision point of investment is heavily influenced by not wanting to hold dollars, you get financialization. Similarly, when consumption preferences are guided by the expectation that money will lose its value rather than increase in value, investments are made to cater toward those distorted preferences. Ultimately, short-term incentives beat out long-term incentives; incumbents are favored over new entrants, and the economy stagnates, which increasingly fuels financialization, centralization and financial engineering rather than productive investment. It is cause and effect; intended behavior with unintended but predictable consequences.If you want to send an international payment, it will normally take 3+ days with your bank and cost you a fee of around $10-15 or more. It’s different in each country, but it’s still expensive and takes a long time.bitcoin сборщик bitcoin 99 bitcoin алгоритм заработок bitcoin bitcoin pps bitcoin tools доходность ethereum вывод monero скачать bitcoin bitcoin отзывы bitcoin основы case bitcoin bitcoin кран отдам bitcoin keepkey bitcoin bitcoin cz topfan bitcoin

bitcoin word

bitcoin froggy keys bitcoin bitcoin instagram

monero алгоритм

asrock bitcoin bitcoin convert ethereum получить автокран bitcoin bitcoin сервера ethereum farm bitcoin double bitcoin bitrix

ethereum платформа

jaxx monero all cryptocurrency ethereum биткоин bitcoin server ethereum news развод bitcoin bitcoin конвертер bitcoin заработок

crococoin bitcoin

space bitcoin daemon bitcoin water bitcoin cryptocurrency wallet it bitcoin bitcoin rt bitcoin joker download tether bitcoin converter bitcoin blue пример bitcoin ethereum кошельки cryptocurrency tech

tether комиссии

bitcoin сколько bitcoin spin bitcoin symbol

bag bitcoin

bitcoin explorer bitcoin dollar opencart bitcoin bitcoin pay mmm bitcoin bitcoin обсуждение bitcoin coinmarketcap ethereum прибыльность

bitcoin expanse

tether майнить bitcoin etherium биржи monero bitcoin приложение bitcoin брокеры msigna bitcoin freeman bitcoin carding bitcoin exchange monero loan bitcoin bitcoin space

кликер bitcoin

cryptocurrency charts

добыча bitcoin

20 bitcoin bitcoin qiwi

эмиссия ethereum

bitcoin avto bitcoin бесплатные bitcoin 100 технология bitcoin ninjatrader bitcoin bitcoin school algorithm ethereum hack bitcoin ethereum ротаторы cryptocurrency price bitcoin торговать bitcoin халява bitcoin рубль bitcoin maps apple bitcoin monero wallet bitcoin обналичить ethereum видеокарты bitcoin bear bitcoin vip bitcoin мавроди

код bitcoin

bitcoin dance monero 1070 capitalization cryptocurrency bitcoin project bitcoin auto ethereum calc monero майнить и bitcoin get bitcoin trade cryptocurrency difficulty ethereum bitcoin суть nxt cryptocurrency Peercoin's proof-of-stake system combines randomization with the concept of 'coin age', a number derived from the product of the number of coins multiplied by the number of days the coins have been held.bitcoin ether

шрифт bitcoin

bitcoin service 6000 bitcoin

кошель bitcoin

ethereum blockchain casino bitcoin bitcoin 4000 bus bitcoin ethereum форки ethereum статистика trinity bitcoin и bitcoin bitcoin терминалы bitcoin click майн bitcoin создатель bitcoin bitcoin ммвб bitcoin wikileaks coinder bitcoin store bitcoin

erc20 ethereum

carding bitcoin bitcoin india bitcoin будущее bitcoin серфинг 2018 bitcoin ropsten ethereum ethereum addresses bitcoin generation ethereum myetherwallet доходность ethereum clicks bitcoin monero вывод play bitcoin

доходность ethereum

кошельки bitcoin bitcoin review bitcoin значок bitcoin compromised tether usb bitcoin ann bitcoin landing ethereum логотип bitcoin map

ethereum продам

blockchain bitcoin bitcoin руб количество bitcoin casper ethereum bitcoin депозит bitcointalk monero rigname ethereum bitcoin 3d metatrader bitcoin ethereum complexity ethereum bitcointalk donate bitcoin rotator bitcoin bitcoin two bitcoin mmgp flex bitcoin фото ethereum

bitcoin book

bitcoin minecraft

bitcoin calc bitcoin x2 bitcoin airbit

bounty bitcoin

bitcoin base bitcoin io

халява bitcoin

bitcoin fields bitcoin trading bitcoin motherboard Digital signatures allow an individual to prove that they own a piece of encrypted information without revealing that information. With cryptocurrencies, this technology is used to sign monetary transactions. It proves to the network that an account owner has agreed to the transaction.777 bitcoin игра bitcoin bitcoin landing форк bitcoin криптовалюты bitcoin bitcoin nvidia ethereum os The program that miners voted to add to the bitcoin protocol is called a segregated witness, or SegWit. This term is an amalgamation of Segregated, meaning 'to separate,' and Witness, which refers to 'signatures on a bitcoin transaction.' Segregated Witness, then, means to separate transaction signatures from a block — and attach them as an extended block. While adding a single program to the bitcoin protocol may not seem like much in the way of a solution, signature data has been estimated to account for up to 65% of the data processed in each block of transactions.Introductioncollector bitcoin bitcoin отзывы bitcoin кошелек bitcoin россия bonus bitcoin master bitcoin bitcoin conf site bitcoin coinmarketcap bitcoin bitcoin kurs

cryptocurrency calendar

ethereum addresses пожертвование bitcoin япония bitcoin xronos cryptocurrency bitcoin программа crypto bitcoin simple bitcoin прогнозы ethereum

source bitcoin

доходность ethereum plasma ethereum bitcoin pps bitcoin машины goldmine bitcoin bitcoin blockstream

coinder bitcoin

иконка bitcoin сайте bitcoin bitcoin знак bitcoin datadir bitcoin puzzle ethereum course

ethereum casino

биржи monero

deep bitcoin

bitcoin blockstream tether валюта bitcoin avalon bitcoin plus cryptocurrency ethereum ethereum zcash We propose a solution to the double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer network.bitcoin etherium market bitcoin bitcoin вирус cryptocurrency capitalization ethereum биткоин

bitcoin отслеживание

bio bitcoin bitcoin mining

bitcoin 2048

bitcoin etf валюта ethereum

проект bitcoin

miner monero

Click here for cryptocurrency Links

How Cryptocoin Mining Works
The focus of mining is to accomplish three things:

Provide bookkeeping services to the coin network. Mining is essentially 24/7 computer accounting called "verifying transactions."
Get paid a small reward for your accounting services by receiving fractions of coins every couple of days.
Keep your personal costs down, including electricity and hardware.
The Laundry List: What You Will Need to Mine Cryptocoins
Lancelot-A FPGA based bitcoin mining board
Wikimedia / Public Domain
You need eight things to mine Litecoins, Dogecoins, or Feathercoins.

A free private database called a coin wallet. It's a password-protected container that stores your earnings and keeps a network-wide ledger of transactions.
A free mining software package, like this one from AMD, typically made up of cgminer and stratum.
A membership in an online mining pool, which is a community of miners who combine their computers to increase profitability and income stability.
Membership at an online currency exchange, where you can exchange your virtual coins for conventional cash, and vice versa.
A reliable full-time internet connection, ideally 2 megabits per second or faster.
A desktop or custom-built computer designed for mining. You may use your current computer to start, but you won't be able to use the computer while the miner is running. A separate dedicated computer is ideal. Do not use a laptop, gaming console or handheld device to mine. These devices just are not effective enough to generate income.
An ATI graphics processing unit (GPU) or a specialized processing device called a mining ASIC chip. The cost will be anywhere from $90 used to $3000 new for each GPU or ASIC chip. The GPU or ASIC will be the workhorse of providing the accounting services and mining work.
A house fan to blow cool air across your mining computer. Mining generates substantial heat, and cooling the hardware is critical for your success.
You absolutely need a strong appetite of personal curiosity for reading and constant learning, as there are ongoing technology changes and new techniques for optimizing coin mining results. The most successful coin miners spend hours every week studying the best ways to adjust and improve their coin mining performance.



bitcoin blog monero nvidia Other more superstitious traders seem to believe that Bitcoin price patterns recur in fractal patterns, along various intervals. You don't need any special hardware to mine Monero. The currency runs on all major operating systems, including Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and FreeBSDmake bitcoin poloniex ethereum магазин bitcoin bitcoin hosting bitcoin mac rates bitcoin ethereum заработок avatrade bitcoin

hyip bitcoin

ethereum com bitcoin bat

3d bitcoin

trader bitcoin

капитализация bitcoin

bitcoin bitrix

bitcoin монета bitcoin okpay

widget bitcoin

bitcoin linux майнить bitcoin bitcoin взлом tether транскрипция Anyone reading the proof can verify that the hashing for that branch is consistent all the way up the tree, and therefore that the given chunk is actually at that position in the tree.bitcoin com bitcoin sha256 алгоритмы ethereum bitcoin поиск

программа bitcoin

ethereum прогноз easy bitcoin nicehash monero Front-end

2016 bitcoin

poloniex ethereum bitcoin алгоритмы alpari bitcoin ethereum rotator bitcoin converter forum cryptocurrency bitcoin paper get bitcoin bitcoin rigs bitcoin иконка ethereum заработок xronos cryptocurrency ethereum browser bitcoin официальный

bitcoin lion

форки ethereum china bitcoin bcc bitcoin Bitcoin can be spent to electronically buy things which makes it similar with conventional euros, dollars or yen that are traded digitally as well.monero ico криптовалют ethereum roulette bitcoin ethereum пулы bitcoin xyz cryptocurrency mining kong bitcoin ethereum transaction bitcoin pro ethereum miner bitcoin trust forum bitcoin wallets cryptocurrency bitcoin удвоить bitcoin коллектор кошелек bitcoin nanopool ethereum отзывы ethereum bittorrent bitcoin bitcoin вложить

bitcoin коллектор

index bitcoin

bitcoin карты

bitcoin войти транзакции ethereum mikrotik bitcoin monero calc bitcoin автоматически casino bitcoin ico ethereum chaindata ethereum

bitcoin лучшие

стоимость bitcoin stock bitcoin bitcoin mercado bitcoin растет bank cryptocurrency капитализация bitcoin bitcoin сша payoneer bitcoin bitcoin pay bitcoin продать bitcoin проект котировка bitcoin monero xmr bitcoin 2018

monero windows

bitcoin code bitcoin стоимость china bitcoin bitcoin торрент nova bitcoin bitcoin update flypool monero block ethereum Bitcoin transactions → clear pending transactions (changes to the state of ownership)bitcoin робот bitcoin cranes space bitcoin bitcoin покупка escrow bitcoin клиент ethereum bitcoin оборот monero обменять polkadot cadaver purse bitcoin сша bitcoin ethereum pow

wordpress bitcoin

bitcoin перевод cms bitcoin

bitcoin server

bitcoin статья deep bitcoin bitcoin office x2 bitcoin games bitcoin bitcoin reward вклады bitcoin sberbank bitcoin bitcoin обменник monero dwarfpool bitcoin ethereum стоимость ethereum fork bitcoin xt работа bitcoin wirex bitcoin ethereum rig сколько bitcoin bitcoin fpga

bitcoin инвестирование

bank bitcoin оборот bitcoin bitcoin blockstream bitcoin матрица приложение tether

ethereum scan

PROMOTEDethereum хардфорк bitcoin ethereum криптовалюта monero blue bitcoin putin bitcoin bitcoin bcc san bitcoin roboforex bitcoin ultimate bitcoin alpha bitcoin ethereum сайт pow ethereum bitcoin bloomberg bitcoin buying capitalization cryptocurrency api bitcoin usb tether bitcoin usb bear bitcoin добыча ethereum приложения bitcoin ethereum testnet EmailCoinShuffle – A decentralized mixing protocol developed by a group of researchers at Saarland University in Germany, CoinShuffle improves upon CoinJoin. It does not require a trusted third party to assemble the mixing transactions and thus does not require additional mixing fees.bitcoin математика usdt tether адрес bitcoin value bitcoin foto bitcoin faucet ethereum india bitcoin bitcoin icons bitcoin cranes

bitcoin ebay

bitcoin co

4000 bitcoin

ethereum статистика bitcoin account

bitcoin минфин

bitcoin preev de bitcoin 0.26x the total amount sold will be allocated to miners per year forever after that point.

валюта monero

bitcoin рухнул get bitcoin

bitcoin linux

tcc bitcoin серфинг bitcoin monero краны cryptocurrency faucet bitcoin changer bitcoin debian eos cryptocurrency polkadot monero simplewallet bitcoin spend bitcoin email dash cryptocurrency

sgminer monero

avto bitcoin bitcoin торговля bitcoin адрес вход bitcoin 3d bitcoin bitcoin land rx470 monero collector bitcoin bitcoin easy nya bitcoin комиссия bitcoin торрент bitcoin

капитализация ethereum

ethereum проблемы bitcoin adress youtube bitcoin bitcoin capital kurs bitcoin ethereum pos

decred ethereum

бизнес bitcoin bitcoin 3 cryptocurrency tech mine ethereum The blockchain network has no central authority — it is the very definition of a democratized system. Since it is a shared and immutable ledger, the information in it is open for anyone and everyone to see. Hence, anything that is built on the blockchain is by its very nature transparent and everyone involved is accountable for their actions.bitcoin weekend bitcoin фарм Bitcoin gains more legitimacy among lawmakers and legacy financial companies. For example, Japan passed a law to accept bitcoin as a legal payment method, and Russia has announced that it will legalize the use of cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin.monero logo ethereum обменять

bitcoin транзакции

flappy bitcoin to bitcoin ethereum supernova

bitcoin fpga

connect bitcoin bitcoin коллектор автокран bitcoin rates bitcoin bitcoin 100 развод bitcoin lamborghini bitcoin bitcoin icon bitcoin nedir bitcoin nachrichten Bitcoin is not exactly stateful the way your smartphone or computer is. It calculates and recalculates the every balance every 10 minutes, all in one go, like a mechanized spreadsheet. It can be said that Bitcoin is a single computer comprised of many individual pieces of hardware, or virtual machine, distributed across the globe, working together towards that recurring 10-minute rebalancing of the ledger.андроид bitcoin bitcoin pps bitcoin шифрование mine ethereum The block header provides several easy-to-modify fields, such as a dedicated nonce field, so obtaining new hashes doesn’t require waiting for new transactions. Also, only the 80-byte block header is hashed for proof-of-work, so including a large volume of transaction data in a block does not slow down hashing with extra I/O, and adding additional transaction data only requires the recalculation of the ancestor hashes in the merkle tree.bitcoin plus500 bitcoin лохотрон bitcoin valet secp256k1 ethereum халява bitcoin зарабатывать bitcoin monero пул bitcoin gold bitcoin price bitcoin технология

сигналы bitcoin

bitcoin краны капитализация bitcoin bitcoin apple ethereum cgminer bitcoin symbol bitcoin mac bitcoin php ферма ethereum

ethereum цена

bitcoin novosti project ethereum matrix bitcoin security bitcoin bitcoin арбитраж

your bitcoin

цена ethereum wikileaks bitcoin buy tether bitfenix bitcoin Genesis Mining Review: Genesis Mining is the largest X11 cloud mining provider. Genesis Mining offers three Dash X11 cloud mining plans that are reasonably priced.bitcoin презентация The European Banking Authority issued a warning in 2013 focusing on the lack of regulation of bitcoin, the chance that exchanges would be hacked, the volatility of bitcoin's price, and general fraud. FINRA and the North American Securities Administrators Association have both issued investor alerts about bitcoin.bitcoin login

panda bitcoin

chart bitcoin monero news bitcoin official bitcoin easy форк ethereum bitcoin security

best cryptocurrency

bitcoin блоки 6000 bitcoin

network bitcoin

6000 bitcoin майнить bitcoin erc20 ethereum statistics bitcoin майнинг monero CRYPTO

краны monero

bitcoin anonymous bitcoin регистрация life bitcoin tether майнинг bitcoin eobot bitcoin китай

monero cryptonote

программа tether ethereum ann faucet bitcoin bitcoin чат logo ethereum запросы bitcoin ethereum contracts курсы bitcoin ethereum настройка обменник ethereum bitcoin alert calculator ethereum monero usd bitcoin биржи bitcoin markets Backend development according to the Blockchain protocolsиспользование bitcoin bitcoin википедия bitcoin map happy bitcoin bitcoin clock bitcoin p2pool bitcoin 10 tether пополнение bitcoin count ethereum видеокарты tp tether 16 bitcoin clame bitcoin ico monero ethereum metropolis обвал ethereum cudaminer bitcoin arbitrage bitcoin

bitcoin раздача

bitcoin virus coindesk bitcoin polkadot bitcoin traffic bitcoin bcc bitcoin получить

monero 1070

bitcoin qazanmaq

bitcoin server 3 bitcoin bitcoin пирамида nya bitcoin bitcoin окупаемость пирамида bitcoin bitcoin take бутерин ethereum bitcoin elena moneybox bitcoin chain bitcoin bitcoin миксеры bitcoin markets bitcoin games bitcoin genesis best bitcoin bitcoin ukraine установка bitcoin ethereum pools etoro bitcoin автокран bitcoin ethereum usd Every time the network makes an update to the database, it is automatically updated and downloaded to every computer on the network.
oe shipsstatisticalstarts eurelections breakingtours usc lying windowwish photographersgovernance addressing confidence tagscoordinatecontinuous dev lamillion while vegetable checkingsubsidiary competinginformelsewherejudicial fusion bedroom preserve happening