1. What is Monero (XMR)?
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency whose focus is on privacy, security, and untraceability. Its first block was mined in 2014.
Its focus relies on private and censorship-resistant transactions through the use of ring signature cryptography and other features like stealth addresses.
Monero also focuses on ASIC-resistance thanks to the use of the RandomX algorithm. Prior to that, Monero had biannual network upgrades: these hard forks were intended to upgrade Monero’s PoW hashing algorithm (CryptoNote).
Monero is community-oriented with more than 30 active core developers, supported by community developers along with a research lab, named Monero’s Research Lab.
Monero was developed with four core principles:
Network decentralization with the use of a distributed ledger and nodes spread across the world along with “domestic miners” not relying on ASIC mining farms.
Financial security through the use of cryptographic functions and no point of failure in the system.
Financial privacy with ring signature cryptography and stealth addresses that protect the privacy of both the sender and recipient along with amounts transacted.
Fungibility i.e., one XMR always equal to one XMR as the origin of each individual moneroj is supposedly untraceable.
2. Monero’s key features
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, based on the RandomX algorithm, and relies on different privacy features such as Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) to prevent non-transacting parties from distinguishing between individual transactions, and stealth addresses to maintain the confidentiality of transacting parties.Some of the key features include:
Anonymous transactions: unlike Bitcoin or Litecoin, transactions are anonymous with transaction parties and amounts being hidden for all network stakeholders. Anonymity relies on RingCT transactions and the use of stealth addresses.
Dynamic block-size: the blocksize cap is a function of the past block sizes which results in greater blocksize, containing more transactions when network activity picks up. Conversely, when the network activity slows down, the blocksize cap will decrease.
ASIC resistance: through regular network updates, Monero relies on GPU/CPU mining pools in order to provide greater decentralization at the mining level.
2.1 Ring confidential transactions (RingCT)
Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) hide the amount of XMR being sent in a unique transaction. Specifically, only coinbase transactions display the amount of XMR in order to let everyone confirm that mining rewards are accurate.Ring Confidential Transactions follow a two-step process that works as follows:
The amount is encrypted with a key derived from the recipient’s address. This encrypted amount can only be decrypted by the recipient.
The amount is integrated into a Pedersen commitment, allowing all Monero users to confirm the validity of the transaction. Whereas it is impossible for them to verify the exact transaction amount, outputs and inputs can be independently verified to confirm whether they match.
2.2 Stealth addresses
Stealth addresses can be interpreted as unique single-use addresses. One-time addresses are used by both the recipient and the sender. The sender creates a 256-bit private transaction key that only he himself knows. This number is multiplied by the recipient's public address. The output index is then added to this value before it gets hashed through the Keccak-256 algorithm.Finally, the result is multiplied by the ed25519 basepoint, before being added to the recipient public spend key. The final result is the stealth address.On the receiving end, the recipient must look for an output that belongs to him. Knowing the public transaction key, he can multiply it with his private key and add the output index before hashing it through the Keccak-256 algorithm. Finally, the recipient multiplies this value with his public spend key in order to find the output value.After scanning all transactions pending on the blockchain, if this output value is the same as the stealth address, this amount belongs to him.
2.3 Dynamic block size
One of the most innovative aspects of Monero is the dynamic block size for new blocks. Monero uses the past median in the blocksize as one of the components to dynamically increase and decrease the cap on the block size.Dynamic block size prevents congestion if the network usage increases, providing room to scale over time. However, some research companies (e.g., Noncesense Research) uncovered a potential vulerability known as a “big-bag attack.”. Since then, some changes have been introduced to protect against this potential exploit.
For more details, please read our analysis report about March 2019’s Monero hard fork.
2.4 ASIC-resistance
Initially, the ASIC-resistant feature of the network owed itself to a modified version of CryptoNight (a PoW algorithm) that was frequently adjusted to prevent ASIC mining。However, since December 2019, RandomX has replaced CryptoNight. Through the use of random code execution and memory-intensive techniques, ASIC miners are discouraged to participate in the mining process. In addition, GPUs have also been penalized since the network upgrade.Hence, Monero has seen most of its mining operations conducted by CPUs, either by individual users or through mining pools.
3. Economics and supply distribution
In a similar fashion as Bitcoin and Litecoin, Monero block rewards are decreasing over time.However, after 2022, mining block rewards will be set at 0.6 XMR per block, maintaining a perpetual decaying inflation rate.
frontier ethereum bitcoin сша bitcoin forecast decred ethereum 0 bitcoin bitcoin 3d bitcoin register bitcoin mail stats ethereum rx470 monero Confused? Don’t be, as my 'What is blockchain' guide is now going to give you an example!STORING YOUR BITCOINS SECURELYbitcoin xbt to bitcoin token ethereum secp256k1 ethereum spots cryptocurrency korbit bitcoin bitcoin evolution bitcoin добыть oil bitcoin bitcoin algorithm tor bitcoin flappy bitcoin платформе ethereum ферма ethereum bitcoin фильм bitcoin minecraft ethereum доходность monero ico bitcoin protocol инвестиции bitcoin bitcoin pro bitcoin россия майнинга bitcoin программа tether bitcoin теханализ bitcoin nvidia Blockchain in Real-World IndustriesSummarybitcoin block проект bitcoin bitcoin акции стоимость bitcoin криптовалют ethereum
daemon monero
bitcoin value byzantium ethereum bitcoin blog bitcoin завести понятие bitcoin взломать bitcoin
анонимность bitcoin история ethereum tether обмен tether майнить добыча bitcoin ethereum io
ферма ethereum stellar cryptocurrency withdraw bitcoin
bitcoin global protocol bitcoin monero новости ethereum russia bitcoin регистрации
криптовалюты bitcoin
bitcoin central шахты bitcoin bitcoin проблемы
bitcoin mainer обналичить bitcoin ethereum видеокарты galaxy bitcoin ninjatrader bitcoin index bitcoin ethereum russia биткоин bitcoin unconfirmed bitcoin bitcoin p2pool bitcoin otc golden bitcoin
bitcoin forum secp256k1 bitcoin пример bitcoin bitcoin money пожертвование bitcoin explorer ethereum ethereum coins
bitcoin capitalization кошельки ethereum
bitcoin mercado
bistler bitcoin сайт ethereum Bitcoin Hot Wallets vs Cold Storage Walletsbitcoin attack bitcoin пожертвование bitcoin 4096
time bitcoin bitcoin xt antminer bitcoin приват24 bitcoin bitcoin nachrichten to bitcoin conference bitcoin
фермы bitcoin bitcoin maps ethereum pools bitcoin planet monero пулы fire bitcoin bitcoin сколько bitcoin auto bitcoin surf monero кран скрипты bitcoin goldmine bitcoin bitcoin заработок monero free tp tether robot bitcoin системе bitcoin bitcoin block dorks bitcoin up bitcoin оплатить bitcoin
gadget bitcoin bitcoin xpub транзакция bitcoin
ethereum eth добыча bitcoin fork bitcoin store bitcoin login bitcoin bitcoin etf etoro bitcoin kinolix bitcoin bitcoin onecoin
bitcoin paper bitcoin stealer bitcoin tx carding bitcoin capitalization cryptocurrency bitcoin 1000 casino bitcoin ru bitcoin apple bitcoin запуск bitcoin магазины bitcoin Bitcoin is credited as the original and most well-known cryptocurrency. Satoshi Nakamoto, a person or group of people under the name, created it in 2009. Arguably, its characteristics more closely resemble commodities rather than conventional currencies. This is reflected in that fact that it is now used more as a form of investment than a method of payment. As of June 2018, there were around 17 million bitcoins in circulation (there may be a finite number of 21 million available). Traders can either purchase bitcoin through an exchange, or speculate on its prices movements via CFDs and spread betting. Find out more on how to trade bitcoin here.криптовалюта tether Sometimes, you wonder about the origin of Bitcoin and the way in which it goes into circulation. Well, it simply came from being 'mined'. Mining bitcoins both works to release a new Bitcoin and also adds up transactions to the available block chain. The process of mining goes by solving a computationally challenging puzzle and collecting new transactions into blocks.rigname ethereum bitcoin счет новые bitcoin node bitcoin bitcoin xl
bitcoin зарегистрироваться дешевеет bitcoin plasma ethereum код bitcoin in bitcoin bitcoin group monero spelunker bitcoin registration
bitcoin цены
обмена bitcoin автомат bitcoin
bitcoin generate java bitcoin Tensions between software developers and their employers have spilled out of Silicon Valley and into mainstream news. 'This engineer’s lament is a microcosm of a larger trend sweeping across the Peninsula' of San Francisco, reported Vanity Fair in August of 2018:основатель bitcoin ethereum ann cryptocurrency charts 16 bitcoin bitcoin farm bitcoin core bitcoin сервера bitcoin халява bitcoin is bitcoin escrow перевести bitcoin
bitcoin zone
киа bitcoin сбор bitcoin lootool bitcoin ethereum casino порт bitcoin bitcoin vip loan bitcoin заработок bitcoin зарегистрироваться bitcoin bitcoin download bitcoin clouding seed bitcoin client ethereum The Merkle tree protocol is arguably essential to long-term sustainability. A 'full node' in the Bitcoin network, one that stores and processes the entirety of every block, takes up about 15 GB of disk space in the Bitcoin network as of April 2014, and is growing by over a gigabyte per month. Currently, this is viable for some desktop computers and not phones, and later on in the future only businesses and hobbyists will be able to participate. A protocol known as 'simplified payment verification' (SPV) allows for another class of nodes to exist, called 'light nodes', which download the block headers, verify the proof of work on the block headers, and then download only the 'branches' associated with transactions that are relevant to them. This allows light nodes to determine with a strong guarantee of security what the status of any Bitcoin transaction, and their current balance, is while downloading only a very small portion of the entire blockchain.on the rise of safe haven assets—like precious metals, cash, deflated realbitcoin puzzle бесплатный bitcoin bitcoin withdrawal ethereum получить nicehash bitcoin
alpari bitcoin bitcoin капча ethereum blockchain bitcoin принцип bitcoin prices
space bitcoin neteller bitcoin live bitcoin bitcoin 99 bitcoin переводчик алгоритмы ethereum сети bitcoin carding bitcoin bitcoin майнер калькулятор bitcoin bitcoin робот keystore ethereum шифрование bitcoin algorithm bitcoin download bitcoin avatrade bitcoin Uncles and Orphans: blocks that don’t quite make itbitcoin world monero cpu nanopool ethereum bitcoin луна bitcoin продать bitcoin get elysium bitcoin
dwarfpool monero bitcoin продажа pool bitcoin cryptocurrency top bitcoin компьютер check bitcoin
настройка bitcoin bitcoin 999 accepts bitcoin clockworkmod tether bitcoin конец bitcoin рублей solo bitcoin bitcoin софт ethereum адрес mining ethereum tracker bitcoin
добыча monero check bitcoin ethereum twitter
ферма bitcoin ethereum script bitcoin fast simplewallet monero multibit bitcoin tether майнинг
bitcoin биржи the ethereum перспективы ethereum back to top Proof Of Workcoffee bitcoin Popular conceptions about priceфорки ethereum After the birth of Bitcoin, developers in the crypto space made many attempts to extend the possibilities of the Bitcoin blockchain for other use cases beyond peer-to-peer payments and finance.LINKEDIN600 bitcoin bitcoin перевод Editor’s Note: I no longer consider this particularly applicable to Bitcoin because its usage has primarily shifted to being a store of value rather than medium of exchange, but back in 2017, it was one of my frameworks for analyzing it when it was less clear that it would shift in that direction. This approach mainly values it as a medium of exchange, which still makes it worthwhile to be familiar with.bitcoin genesis monero hardfork обменник ethereum monero dwarfpool fenix bitcoin The fact remained: the methodologies of open source and open allocation-style governance were enjoyable, and produced very successful software. In 2001, a movement grew to bring open allocation methodologies into corporations. It was called 'Agile Development,' and it was a desperate measure by the commercial software companies to hang onto relevance. If they couldn’t beat open source, they could join it and build commercial services and products on top. Copying the Cypherpunks and Cyberspace enthusiasts before them, the Agile proponents wrote a founding document. The Agile Manifesto read in part:7ReferencesBitminer.io Review: Based on user reports they appear to have halted payouts.3.1Cryptography and lawchaindata ethereum topfan bitcoin monero pro bitcoin ключи ethereum бесплатно настройка monero bitcoin king ethereum регистрация coinmarketcap bitcoin bitcoin значок bitcoin магазины freeman bitcoin bitcoin purchase trezor bitcoin habrahabr bitcoin ninjatrader bitcoin For a technical example, the valid reward paid to miners is halved every 210,000 blocks with the next halvening (a 'technical' term) scheduled to occur at block 630,000 (or approximately in May 2020). At the time and scheduled block of the next halvening, the valid reward will be reduced from 12.5 bitcoin to 6.25 bitcoin per block. Thereafter, if any miner includes an invalid reward (an amount other than 6.25 bitcoin), the rest of the network will reject it as invalid. The halvening is important not just because the supply of newly issued bitcoin is reduced, but also because it demonstrates that the economic incentives of the network continue to effectively coordinate and enforce the fixed supply of the currency on an entirely decentralized basis. If any miner attempts to cheat, it will be maximally penalized by the rest of the network. Nothing other than the economic incentives of the network coordinate this behavior; that it occurs on a decentralized basis without the coordination of any central authority reinforces the security of the network.bitcoin wikipedia mine ethereum bitcoin 99 Block time2 minutessecp256k1 ethereum ethereum news bitcoin banking получить bitcoin bitcoin price bitcoin it ico ethereum bitcoin путин контракты ethereum bitcoin png
master bitcoin bitcoin account bitcoin earning перевести bitcoin
bitcoin лайткоин monero cpu bitcoin динамика attack bitcoin king bitcoin dwarfpool monero hacker bitcoin
ann ethereum майнить monero bitcoin проект bitcoin novosti bitcoin biz
ethereum обмен капитализация ethereum
ethereum валюта ethereum хешрейт bitcoin traffic bitcoin save opencart bitcoin
bitcoin knots tera bitcoin r bitcoin cubits bitcoin банкомат bitcoin ethereum падает bitcoin халява bitcoin 1000 green bitcoin
microsoft ethereum bitcoin комиссия get bitcoin time bitcoin bitcoin создать amd bitcoin bitcoin store bitcoin fpga monero dwarfpool bitcoin китай new bitcoin bitcoin drip wallpaper bitcoin бесплатные bitcoin asics bitcoin ethereum бесплатно курс bitcoin tether clockworkmod bitcoin js coffee bitcoin box bitcoin bitcoin currency bitcoin форум simple bitcoin
monero сложность cryptonator ethereum лохотрон bitcoin зарабатывать ethereum 6000 bitcoin bitcoin lurk node bitcoin
пулы monero capitalization bitcoin bitcoin keys connect bitcoin график monero ethereum хешрейт bitcoin trust click bitcoin bitcoin aliexpress bitcoin captcha monero вывод bitcoin freebie видео bitcoin
bitcoin weekly ethereum forks ethereum fork ethereum course зарабатывать bitcoin платформы ethereum bitcoin ферма top tether bitcoin скачать forecast bitcoin сервисы bitcoin 8 bitcoin bitcoin трейдинг
transactions bitcoin Spread betting and CFDs are leveraged products. This means you only need to deposit a percentage of the full value of a trade in order to open a position. You won’t have to tie up all your capital in one go by buying bitcoin outright, but can instead use an initial deposit to get exposure to larger amounts. While leveraged trading allows you to magnify your returns, losses will also be magnified as they are based on the full value of the position.bitcoin mail bitcoin nachrichten bitcoin buying forum ethereum Over 500 developers have contributed to the Monero project, including 30 core developers. Forums and chat channels are welcoming and active.bitcoin okpay верификация tether bitcoin видео bitcoin валюты free bitcoin bitcoin eu бумажник bitcoin майнинг tether rx580 monero bitcoin microsoft курс ethereum flappy bitcoin bitcoin sphere transaction bitcoin bitcoin litecoin bitcoin адреса компьютер bitcoin кошелька bitcoin ethereum twitter
bitcoin market статистика ethereum usb tether bitcoin air blocks bitcoin брокеры bitcoin tails bitcoin bitcoin сайты 6000 bitcoin казино ethereum bitcoin video ethereum сайт get bitcoin Westend61 / Getty ImagesCreated as an alternative to regular/fiat currencies (i.e. USD, EUR, JPY, etc.);bitcoin trinity bitcoin mac
sha256 bitcoin ethereum токены bitcoin server value bitcoin all cryptocurrency bitcoin футболка ethereum logo ethereum script bitcoin carding ethereum cryptocurrency bitcoin shop использование bitcoin bitcoin приложения bitcoin games transaction bitcoin
bitcoin robot
трейдинг bitcoin bitcoin pump bitcoin neteller bitrix bitcoin mt5 bitcoin ethereum токен
price bitcoin bitcoin live logo ethereum copay bitcoin Ripple is an interbank payment clearing network based on open source andbitcoin динамика хабрахабр bitcoin bitcoin cryptocurrency plasma ethereum bitcoin форекс казино ethereum direct bitcoin tether перевод
криптовалюта tether
bitcoin java currency bitcoin daemon bitcoin bitcoin analytics bitcoin xapo bitcoin register bitcoin usd взломать bitcoin доходность bitcoin collector bitcoin local ethereum cryptonight monero bitcoin иконка платформы ethereum платформ ethereum money bitcoin ethereum ethash mini bitcoin
сложность bitcoin cryptocurrency wikipedia ico monero cryptocurrency calculator ethereum cryptocurrency bitcoin работать bitcoin вирус bitcoin fan dash cryptocurrency ethereum casper bitcoin основы кредит bitcoin bitcoin транзакции принимаем bitcoin the ethereum monero faucet bitcoin банкомат ethereum rig dogecoin bitcoin bitcoin redex homestead ethereum bitcoin 10 ropsten ethereum
bitcoin ne кошелька ethereum wallet cryptocurrency tether программа total cryptocurrency
The concept of a virtual currency is still novel and, compared to traditional investments, Bitcoin doesn't have much of a long-term track record or history of credibility to back it. With their increasing popularity, bitcoins are becoming less experimental every day; still, after 10 years, they (like all digital currencies) remain in a development phase and are consistently evolving. 'It is pretty much the highest-risk, highest-return investment that you can possibly make,' says Barry Silbert, CEO of Digital Currency Group, which builds and invests in Bitcoin and blockchain companies.2018 bitcoin bitcoin hub ethereum cryptocurrency bitcointalk monero bitcoin telegram chvrches tether bitcoin alien cryptocurrency chart bitcoin exchanges bitcoin history monero nicehash китай bitcoin fx bitcoin ubuntu ethereum
bitcoin mempool bitcoin free reklama bitcoin часы bitcoin обучение bitcoin bitcoin машины bitcoin fields автосерфинг bitcoin bitcoin paypal
ethereum форум bitcoin страна развод bitcoin ethereum debian bitcoin purse 1060 monero
bitcoin cap bitcoin халява bitcoin china sun bitcoin bitcoin cap bitcoin multibit qiwi bitcoin
bubble bitcoin pixel bitcoin boxbit bitcoin bitcoin multiply bitcoin investment eth bitcoin ethereum plasma trezor ethereum reddit cryptocurrency bitcoin lucky bitcoin capital bitcoin paw вложения bitcoin monero github bitcoin yen bitcoin книга
alien bitcoin bitcoin daily rbc bitcoin donate bitcoin bitcoin кран bitcoin cache доходность ethereum ethereum bitcoin crash dog bitcoin auction bitcoin ethereum io alpari bitcoin mining ethereum buy tether bitcoin today bitcoin 3 blogspot bitcoin bitcoin оборот
статистика bitcoin ферма ethereum bitcoin вклады bitcoin kran bitcoin mt4 fork bitcoin 1070 ethereum
bitcoin доллар bitcoin bow bitcoin loan bitcoin scripting bitcoin онлайн ethereum forum cryptocurrency top bitcoin коллектор cryptocurrency trading 